有用科技小编2026/10/24
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阅读14分钟msvcp120.dll 属于 VC++ 2013 运行库，报它缺失，多半是整支 2013 运行库没装或者装得不全。把对应版本的 VC++ 2013 运行库（x86 与 x64）装齐再重启电脑，多数人到这里就好了；系统文件损坏时再用 SFC 与 DISM 修复。以下方法在 Windows 10/11 实测可用。
多数 msvcp120.dll 报错是运行库缺失或者旧版本残留造成的，硬盘上的系统文件一般没坏，不必急着重装系统，也不用送修。
适用系统：Windows 10/11；最后更新：2026-10-24。
为什么单独下载一个 msvcp120.dll 补不上
打开某个软件，屏幕上跳出「无法启动此程序，因为计算机中丢失 msvcp120.dll。尝试重新安装该程序以解决此问题。」此时到 C:\Windows\System32 里确实找不到这个文件（32 位程序找的是 C:\Windows\SysWOW64）。
msvcp120.dll 是 Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Redistributable 里的一组组件之一，和 msvcr120.dll 等文件同批安装、互相依赖。只补其中一个，程序跑到下一个调用点还是会报错。常见情况可以归成几类：
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先判断报错程序的位数和缺的是哪一支运行库，再对症处理，能省掉大量反复下载文件的时间。
方法1 先搞清缺的是哪一版运行库，别单独下载 dll
msvcp120.dll 由 VC++ 2013 运行库提供，从下载站拷一个文件放进系统文件夹，版本或位数对不上照样报错，下一次还可能缺别的 dll。先定位缺的是哪一支运行库，再决定装什么。
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操作步骤
- 记下报错弹窗里的完整文件名和路径。64 位程序报的路径是 C:\Windows\System32\msvcp120.dll，32 位程序报的是 C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcp120.dll。
- 判断报错程序是几位的：右键程序 →「属性 → 兼容性」，或者按 Ctrl+Shift+Esc 打开任务管理器，在「详细信息」里看进程名后面有没有 *32 标记，带 *32 的是 32 位程序。
- Win+R→eventvwr.msc，展开「Windows 日志 → 应用程序」，找加载失败的模块名，确认是不是同为 msvcp120.dll。
- Win+R→appwiz.cpl，核对已经装上的 Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Redistributable 是 x86 还是 x64 那一支，缺哪支补哪支。
- 想一次看清还缺哪些运行库组件：打开软领DLL系统修复，默认先做全面诊断，列出全部异常项。
方法2 装齐 VC++ 2013 运行库，x86 和 x64 都要
按位数把两支 2013 运行库都装上再重启电脑，msvcp120.dll 的报错多数到此为止。两支可以共存，不会互相顶掉。
操作步骤
- 到微软官方下载中心搜 Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio 2013，拿到 vcredist_x86.exe 与 vcredist_x64.exe 两个安装包。
- 先装与报错程序位数一致的那一支；不确定位数就把 x86 和 x64 都装一遍。
- 安装时若提示「已安装更高版本」，选「修复」走一遍修复流程，别直接退出。
- 装完重启电脑，别只关掉报错软件重开，已经加载过的 DLL 要重新载入一次。
- 再用软领DLL系统修复点左侧「DLL修复」，右侧列出当前缺失的 DLL 清单，核对 msvcp120.dll 是否还在列表里。
用「软领DLL系统修复」更省事
手工在 C:\Windows\System32 和 C:\Windows\SysWOW64 之间逐个比对文件很费时间，缺哪个补哪个也容易补错版本。软领DLL系统修复的 dll修复 会把当前缺失的 DLL 列成清单，清单里每个文件都能单独点「修复」，也可以点顶部「一键修复」批量处理。
修好 msvcp120.dll 又接着提示 msvcr120.dll 缺失，说明同一批运行库组件没补齐。运行库修复 按程序需要的运行库版本把同批组件一起补上，省得反复报错、反复找文件。
软领是知名国产软件品牌，20 年技术沉淀，服务千万用户。软领官网 wyouhua.com 直接下载，安装无捆绑勾选项；软件里可以点客服按钮联系真人客服，复杂情况有工程师远程协助。
方法3 修复已装的运行库，清掉手工塞进系统目录的文件
旧版本残留和从下载站拷进去的 dll 会互相顶掉，先修复已装的运行库，再把放错位置的文件清理掉。
操作步骤
- Win+R→appwiz.cpl，找到 Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Redistributable (x86) 和 (x64)，右键「更改 → 修复」，走一遍修复流程。
- 修复无效就把该版本卸载后重装。别顺手删掉其他年份的 VC++ 运行库，很多软件还在用它们。
- 检查 C:\Windows\System32 和 C:\Windows\SysWOW64 里有没有人工拷进去的 msvcp120.dll，先重命名备份，再让运行库安装程序写入正式版本。
- 核对版本号：右键 msvcp120.dll →「属性 → 详细信息」，正常版本号以 12.0.xxxxx 开头，看着不对就说明放错了版本。
- 重启后仍旧报错，说明问题出在系统组件层，重装运行库已经不起作用。
方法4 用 SFC 与 DISM 修复系统文件与组件存储
系统映像或者组件存储损坏时，重装运行库也没用，要走系统自带的两条命令。
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操作步骤
- 以管理员身份打开命令行：Win+X →「终端(管理员)」或者「命令提示符(管理员)」。
- 输入 sfc /scannow 回车，等扫描跑完，留意结果里有没有「无法修复的损坏文件」这条提示。
- SFC 修不动时执行 DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth，这一步要联网，大约 10 到 30 分钟。
- DISM 跑完重启电脑，再执行一次 sfc /scannow 复核，看还有没有损坏项。
- DISM 报 0x800f081f，多是组件源缺失：挂载同版本的系统 ISO，把 /Source 指向里面的 install.wim（例如 /Source:D:\sources\install.wim /LimitAccess）再跑一次。
- 命令全部跑完仍报 msvcp120.dll 缺失，检查 C:\Windows\System32 里的文件是不是被安全软件隔离了，到杀毒软件的隔离区里恢复并加白名单。
方法5 兜底：换用户、系统还原或就地覆盖安装
前面几步都没解决，通常是系统环境层面已经坏了，用还原点或者覆盖安装收尾。
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操作步骤
- 新建一个本地用户账号登录，如果新账号下不再报错，问题在原用户的配置文件或者环境变量上。
- Win+R→sysdm.cpl，进「高级 → 环境变量」，检查 PATH 里有没有混进下载站的 DLL 文件夹路径，有就删掉，然后注销重登。
- 系统还原：Win+R→rstrui.exe，选一个报错出现之前的还原点还原，还原前把桌面和文档里的新文件备份到别的盘。
- 最后手段是就地覆盖安装：挂载同版本的系统 ISO，运行根目录的 setup.exe，选择保留个人文件与应用。
- 如果同时出现 0x0000007B 这类启动类蓝屏错误，先到 BIOS 里把 SATA 模式改成与当初装系统时一致（AHCI 或 IDE），再进系统修复。
大家常问
msvcp120.dll 丢失，单独下载放进 System32 还是报错怎么办？
拷进去的那个文件版本和位数大概率不对，或者程序调用的是 SysWOW64 里的副本。删掉手工拷入的文件，装对应位数的 VC++ 2013 运行库，再重启软件。
装完 VC++ 2013 运行库还是提示 msvcp120.dll 缺失是什么原因？
先看位数：32 位程序读 C:\Windows\SysWOW64，64 位程序读 C:\Windows\System32，装错一支就等于没装。再右键 msvcp120.dll →「属性 → 详细信息」看版本号，正常是 12.0.xxxxx，被替换成低版本或者被安全软件隔离都会继续报错。
msvcp120.dll 报错和 0xc000007b 一起出现，是 32 位还是 64 位的问题？
0xc000007b 常见于 32 位程序加载了 64 位 DLL，或者反过来。把 x86 与 x64 两支 VC++ 2013 运行库都装上，再用任务管理器确认报错程序是几位的。
Win7 装不上 VC++ 2013 运行库，提示系统组件版本过低怎么办？
先确认系统是 Windows 7 SP1，再打上通用 CRT 更新（KB2999226），然后装 vcredist_x86.exe 和 vcredist_x64.exe。系统补丁没打全，运行库安装程序会在初始化阶段就退出。
msvcp120.dll 是病毒吗，为什么杀毒软件会把系统文件夹里的它删掉？
它是微软 VC++ 2013 运行库的正常组件。被杀毒软件删掉，通常是被别的程序替换过、版本异常或者文件签名被动过。从微软官方重装运行库就能恢复，别从下载站再拷一个回来。
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